Phosphatidylserine Provides Nutrients to Brain Cells

Phosphatidylserine is an essential component of brain cell membranes, accounting for approximately 10%–20% of the total phospholipid content in the brain. Together with other phospholipid molecules, it forms the bilayer structure of the cell membrane, providing a physical barrier and maintaining cellular stability. When brain cells are damaged, the structure of the cell membrane can be compromised. Supplementing with phosphatidylserine helps repair the phospholipid components of the membrane, restoring its normal structure and maintaining cell integrity and function.  

Proper membrane fluidity is crucial for the normal functioning of cell membranes. Phosphatidylserine can regulate this fluidity, maintaining a balance that ensures the cell's flexibility and deformability while preserving a stable internal environment. After brain cell damage, membrane fluidity may change, disrupting normal cellular function. By adjusting membrane fluidity, phosphatidylserine helps restore the physiological properties of the membrane, creating a favorable environment for cell repair and regeneration.  

Phosphatidylserine plays a vital role in the synthesis, storage, and release of neurotransmitters. For instance, it is involved in the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter critical for learning and memory. Brain damage can lead to imbalances in neurotransmitter systems, but phosphatidylserine helps restore the normal synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, enhancing neural signal transmission and facilitating communication between brain cells—essential for supporting the repair of brain cells.  

Neurotransmitter receptors are key structures on the cell membrane responsible for receiving neurotransmitter signals. Phosphatidylserine can regulate the function and activity of these receptors, improving their ability to bind neurotransmitters and enhancing signal transmission efficiency. In cases of brain cell damage, receptor function may be impaired. By optimizing receptor function, phosphatidylserine helps restore proper neural signaling pathways, promoting brain cell repair and functional recovery.  

During normal metabolism and injury, brain cells produce large amounts of free radicals, which can attack biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing further cellular damage. Phosphatidylserine has antioxidant properties, directly neutralizing some free radicals and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems within cells, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). This reduces oxidative damage to brain cells and creates a favorable internal environment for cellular repair.  

Brain damage often triggers inflammatory responses, with the release of inflammatory factors exacerbating cell damage and hindering repair. Phosphatidylserine can regulate inflammatory signaling pathways and inhibit the production and release of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This reduces brain tissue inflammation, protects brain cells from inflammatory damage, and promotes self-repair.  

Phosphatidylserine can activate several signaling pathways related to neural regeneration, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. These pathways play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. By activating these pathways, phosphatidylserine promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, generating new neurons to replace damaged cells and facilitating the repair and functional recovery of brain tissue.  

Phosphatidylserine provides essential nutrients for brain cells. It can be absorbed and metabolized into other important biomolecules, supplying the energy and materials needed for cell repair and regeneration. Additionally, it promotes the uptake of other nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, to meet the high energy and material demands of the cellular repair process.